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| Active RFID 2006-2016
| | 06/23/06, 120688 | | From ResearchConnect Analyst Reports - Technical | |
Active RFID is little reported, but its use is growing rapidly. Several applications have been above $100 million and it is currently responsible for over 20% of all spend on RFID. New IDTechEx research has determined that the value of sales of active systems including the tags will now grow very rapidly from $0.55 billion in 2006 to $6.78 billion 2016. We have constructed ten year forecasts usefully segmented by frequency, application, territory, etc, and illustrated by dozens of tables and figures. This report also features over 70 case studies showing how active RFID is already being used to improve businesses across the world. The three primary technologies creating this growth will be Real Time Location Systems (RTLS), disposable RFID sensor systems, including ones in the form of Smart Active Labels (SALs), and sophisticated multifunctional devices. These will serve the burgeoning market demand for tracking, locating and monitoring people and things, driven by security, safety, cost and other factors. Active RFID will create competitive advantage in consumer goods, combat the new terrorism, other crime and threatened epidemics of disease and serve consumers and governments demanding better service, more information, food traceability and condition monitoring. The safety of constructions and risk of natural disasters will be monitored by Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USN), usually as a form of active RFID, and they will assist and monitor the increasing numbers of elderly and disabled. The active RFID market will grow to over 12 times its present size by 2016, so whether a user or supplier, you need to keep up with this under-reported subject or get left behind. Needs have been building for some time, but two new facilitators combine to make active RFID a much more practicable solution. They are: - Reduction in cost and size of active tags and systems. With lower power circuits, even printed batteries are gaining a place. In future, miniature fuel cells, printed photovoltaics ( including the new power storage photocapacitors), better batteries and printed transistor circuits will also be used. This will overcome constraints of tag lifetime, cost, performance and size. - Availability of open standards - notably the new ISO 18000 EPC Types 3 and 4 and IEEE 802.15.4. There is now considerable activity leveraging many newly popular forms of short range wireless communication, particularly WiFi , ZigBee and near Field Communication (NFC) as in the popular new RFID enabled mobile phones. IDTechEx forecast that the global RFID active tag market (including semi-active and semi-passive) will be very different from the past. Sales will now rise rapidly, driven by the many technical advances and the further doubling and trebling of the number of companies and users active in the field. In the next decade, most of the active RFID market will be in the automotive, transportation, logistics, healthcare and military sectors. Systems will be responsible for a much larger part of the whole spend than tags, in continuing contrast to the situation with passive tags. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background 1.1.1. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 1.1.2. Active vs passive RFID 1.1.3. Semi active vs semi passive RFID 1.1.4. Many different ideal frequencies for active RFID 1.1.5. Smart Active Labels (SAL) 1.1.6. Lessons from sixty years of active RFID 1.2. The active RFID value chain and paybacks 1.2.1. Value chain 1.3. Total Asset Visibility 1.4. Civilian logistics - Smart and Secure Tradelanes 1.5. Five key priorities for TAV 1.6. The $1 billion yearly potential in the prison service 2. LESSONS FROM CASE STUDIES OF ACTIVE RFID 2.1. Spread of parameters and applications 2.1.1. Military, Logistics and Automotive/ transportation are dominant applications so far 2.1.2. Containers and vehicles are the main items that are tagged 2.1.3. Frequencies are varied 2.1.4. Ranges are varied 2.1.5. Totally new types of battery 2.1.6. The most important countries 2.2. Case studies of active RFID in manufacturing 2.2.1. Volkswagen, Germany - work in progress 2.2.2. Peugeot, France - work in progress 2.2.3. Club Car, USA - work in progress 2.2.4. AM General, USA - part replenishment 2.2.5. Merrimac Industries, USA - tracking folders 2.2.6. BMW, UK - work in progress 2.3. Case studies of active RFID in transportation and automotive 2.3.1. 30 major car companies - vehicle immobilisers 2.3.2. Shanghai Xinzhuang Bus Terminal, China - tracking buses 2.3.3. NedTrain, The Netherlands - wheel maintenance 2.3.4. Tracker/ Police, UK - locating stolen vehicles 2.3.5. Hills, UK - numberplates 2.3.6. Ford, USA - location of new cars 2.3.7. Postauto Bus, Switzerland - bus terminal management 2.3.8. Tranz Rail, New Zealand - freight management 2.3.9. General Motors, USA - containers 2.3.10. Shanghai Railway, China 2.3.11. Hamburg Metro Germany 2.3.12. Parking, Arizona State University, USA 2.3.13. Korea World Cup vehicles 2.4. Case studies of active RFID in the air industry 2.4.1. Sepang Airport, Malaysia - catering trolleys 2.4.2. Los Angeles International Airport/ Long Beach, USA - vehicle tolling and management 2.4.3. Tacoma/ Seattle International Airport, USA - vehicle tolling and management 2.4.4. New York Newark International Airport, USA - vehicle tolling and management 2.4.5. Orange County Airport, USA - vehicle tolling 2.4.6. Hong Kong International Airport, China - catering trolleys 2.4.7. Vienna International Airport, Austria - ground support equipment 2.4.8. Charles de Gaulle International Airport, France - taxis 2.4.9. Envirotainer, Belgium - unit load devices 2.4.10. Air Canada - food trolleys 2.4.11. Arlanda International Airport, Sweden parking 2.5. Case studies of active RFID in healthcare 2.5.1. National Health Service UK social workers 2.5.2. Massachusetts General Hospital, USA people and assets 2.5.3. Hospitals, Israel and elsewhere - patient and staff tracking/ alert 2.5.4. Shelby County Regional Medical Center, USA - patient tracking 2.5.5. Royal Sussex County Hospital, UK - assets 2.5.6. HCA Hospital Dallas, USA - mother baby matching 2.5.7. HCA Hospital Arlington, USA - mother baby matching 2.5.8. French Blood Agency, France - chemovigilance 2.5.9. Alexandra Hospital, Singapore - people tracking for SARS 2.5.10. National University Hospital Singapore - people tracking for SARS 2.5.11. Hart District, UK - alarm for elderly 2.6. Case studies of active RFID in the military sector 2.6.1. Kosovo/ US Military - military assets and supplies 2.6.2. Ministry of Defence, UK - military supplies 2.6.3. NATO Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT) assets 2.6.4. Department of Defense, USA - medical supplies 2.6.5. Bosnia/ UK Military - supply chain. 2.7. Case studies of active RFID in logistics 2.7.1. NYK Logistics, USA - intermodal freight containers 2.7.2. Fluor Construction, USA pipe spools 2.7.3. Brink's, USA - transport container access 2.7.4. Felixstowe Dock & Rail Company, UK - Rubber Tyre Gantry Cranes RTGC handling intermodal containers 2.7.5. Agricultural Cooperative, France - vehicle tare weighing 2.7.6. Yard management, USA 2.7.7. Spittelau Thermal Waste Treatment Plant, Austria - trucks 2.7.8. Seattle Tacoma Sea Port, USA - intermodal container seals 2.7.9. Royal Mail, UK - roll cages 2.7.10. Parcelforce, UK - postal trailers 2.7.11. Mercator Transportation, USA - intermodal container tracking 2.7.12. Lynx Express, UK - roll cages 2.7.13. London Waste, UK - vehicles 2.7.14. J.A.M Distribution and Cemex, USA - vehicle loading and fuelling 2.7.15. HiroCem, Slovakia - trucks 2.7.16. DHL and Nokia, UK/ Finland - cases 2.7.17. Intermodal Cargo Shipments 2.7.18. Carlisle Carriers, USA - tractors and trailers 2.7.19. Alliant Atlantic Food, USA - access control 2.7.20. Somerfield Supermarkets, UK - trucks 2.7.21. Argos, UK - conveyances 2.7.22. Paramount Farms, USA - farming vehicles 2.7.23. Meat producer, Canada - case monitoring 2.8. Case studies of active RFID in Retail 2.8.1. Selfridges, UK - food containers 2.8.2. Safeway Supermarkets, UK - trolleys 2.9. Other 2.9.1. HM Prison Service, UK - keys 2.9.2. Delta Downs Racetrack and Casino, USA - keys 3. COMPONENTS OF AN ACTIVE RFID SYSTEM 3.1. The tag 3.2. The interrogator 3.3. Other system components. 3.4. Multi-tag reading (anti-collision) 3.5. Choices of physical configuration of active RFID systems 3.5.1. RFID - basic operation 3.5.2. One at a time or many at a time 3.5.3. Active beacon tags - long range 3.5.4. Signpost system for long range active tag configurations 3.5.5. Real-time locating systems - long range 3.6. Options on range 3.7. Systems aspects 3.7.1. Network vs stand alone 3.7.2. Stand alone - polled vs not polled 3.7.3. Networked - on-line 3.8. Networking at tag, reader or system level 3.9. Data on the device or network 3.9.2. Data capture on the tag or not - a summary 3.9.3. Continuous monitoring or not 3.10. Open and closed service provider access 3.11. Networks within networks 3.12. Ad hoc/ mesh networks 3.13. The importance of interoperability 3.14. Multi-frequency, multi-protocol interrogators 3.14.1. Supplier Case study : ThingMagic 3.14.2. Supplier Case Study: Savi Technology UDAP 3.15. Choice of frequency 3.15.2. Ultra Wide Band 3.15.3. Supplier Case study: Parco Wireless 3.15.4. Supplier Case Study: DSRC Industry Consortium 4. ACTIVE TAG CONSTRUCTION 4.1. Overall construction 4.2. Batteries 4.2.1. Battery overview 4.2.2. Coin type batteries 4.2.3. Power Paper 4.2.4. Solicore, USA 4.2.5. SCI, USA 4.2.6. Infinite Power Solutions, USA 4.2.7. Cymbet, USA 4.2.8. Thin Battery Technologies 4.2.9. Research 4.3. Fuel cells 4.4. Photovoltaics 5. STANDARDS, PRIVACY AND ALLIED TECHNOLOGY 5.1. Standards 5.1.1. Standards for active RFID systems 5.1.2. Benefits of standardisation 5.1.3. Types of standard 5.1.4. Open and closed application systems 5.1.5. Standards organisations 5.1.6. Types of standard relating to item level RFID 5.2. Radio regulations 5.3. Privacy issues 5.4. Bluetooth, WiFi, ZigBee, Active RFID and NFC compared and combined 5.4.1. Bridging the gap 5.4.2. Bluetooth and WiFi 5.4.3. ZigBee 5.4.4. Conventional active RFID 5.4.5. Combinations 5.4.6. Near Field Communications NFC 5.4.7. RFID and communications interfaces 5.4.8. A virtual connector 5.4.9. Link to RFID smart cards 5.4.10. NFC Forum created by Sony and Philips 5.4.11. Standardization of NFC 6. REAL TIME LOCATION SYSTEMS RTLS 6.1. Triangulation, radio fingerprinting and multilateration 7. MARKETS 7.1. Price sensitivity 7.2. Many bridges to cross 7.3. Forecasts for tags 7.3.1. New markets - hand-held homing devices 7.4. New markets - Smart Active Labels 7.4.1. New markets - Ubiquitous Sensor Networks 7.5. Forecasts for tags 2006-2016 7.6. Forecast for systems excluding tags 2006-2016 7.7. Forecast of systems including tags 2006-2016 7.8. The importance of logistics systems 7.9. Location of active RFID and the players 2006 7.10. RTLS market forecast 7.11. Number of suppliers 2006-2016 APPENDIX 1: JARGON BUSTER APPENDIX 2: EPCGLOBAL AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS APPENDIX 3: ACHIEVING EFFICIENT GLOBAL LOGISTICS EXECUTION TABLES 1.1. Benefits and disadvantages of active RFID vs passive RFID 1.2. AIM survey of RFID user priorities 2002 1.3. The different types of active RFID tag compared with passive tags 1.4. Sales of active RFID tags from 1944 to start of 2006. 1.5. Cost structure of active vs passive RFID projects 1.6. Active RFID in the prison and parole service 2.1. Approximate distribution of case studies by range. 3.1. Summary of today's RFID physical configurations 3.2. The spectrum of choice between stand alone and networked RFID systems 3.3. The spectrum of choice between basic number plate tags and those with high data retention 3.4. Spectrum of choice from short to long range 3.5. Choice of active RFID tags - typical cost, range, memory in 2003/2004 3.6. Savi UDAP partners 3.7. The commonly used licence free frequencies for active RFID 4.1. Shapes of battery for small RFID tags advantages and disadvantages 4.2. Examples of suppliers of coin type batteries by country 4.3. The spectrum of choice of technologies for batteries in smart packaging 4.4. Examples of potential sources of flexible thin film batteries 4.5. Examples of universities and research centres developing laminar batteries. 4.6. Comparison of conventional active RFID with temperature/ time recording and Smart Active Label (SAL) versions. 5.1. The permitted frequency bands for RFID by territory 5.2. Bluetooth, WiFi, ZigBee and Semi-Active RFID compared 7.1. Sales of active RFID tags from 1944 to start of 2006. 7.2. Table 4 Yearly global sales of RFID enabled cellphones 7.3. The value of the RFID enabled active RFID cellphone market 2006-2016 7.4. The IDTechEx forecast for active RFID systems excluding tags 2006-2016 7.5. The total global spend on active RFID systems plus tags. 7.6. Some substantial opportunities for active RFID systems including tags in the next ten years 7.7. Main present and future locations of active RFID tags 7.8. Number of suppliers of active RFID doing serious business 2006, 2011, 2016 FIGURES 1.1. RFID range required for typical applications 1.2. Active tag from Identec for anti-theft. 620,000 laptops were stolen in the USA in 2002. 1.3. Road map of development of active RFID and allied technologies 1.4. RFID hierarchy 1.5. Active RFID characteristics 1.6. SAL-C concept of a warehouse managed using disposable SALs on packages. These would be in semi- active mode to achieve range without being too demanding of the thin laminar batteries. 1.7. An active RFID car clicker working in semi-active mode at 433 MHz 1.8. Typical military deployment of active RFID tags 1.9. A military viewpoint of active RFID 1.10. Active RFID interrogator deployment in the Iraq war 1.11. Mobile interrogators in the Iraq war 1.12. Write terminal and docking station 1.13. Sealing and anti-tamper capability with intermodal containers 1.14. Smart and Secure Tradelanes active RFID seal being used to lock an intermodal container 1.15. Final check of security at dock 1.16. Security check of truck at customs point - interrogator monitoring active RFID tag 1.17. Some of the potential benefits throughout the supply chain 1.18. Two types of active RFID tag offered by Wavetrend UK for asset tracking and other applications 1.19. RFID protecting keys against theft or misuse. 1.20. Wristwatch transmitters worn by inmates 1.21. Belt transmitters worn by officers and staff 2.1. Active RFID wriststrap to protect disoriented patients 2.2. Radianse ID-tags: Small, battery-powered and inexpensive 2.3. Radianse Receivers: No specialty cabling, antennas or other infrastructure is required 3.1. Basic operation of an active RFID system 3.2. RFID - basic operation 3.3. Short range semi- passive tags 3.4. Active beacon tags - long range 3.5. Antenna hierarchy of Savi EchoPoint active RFID system 3.6. Savi EchoPoint active tag 3.7. Various semi-active tags from Axcess Technologies 3.8. Real Time Locating Systems - long range triangulation 3.9. Networks within networks - the "Russian Doll" approach 3.10. Technical performance for active RFID in crowded environments as a function of frequency in the view of Savi Technology 3.11. The elements of the Parco Wireless UWB RFID system 3.12. Parco UWB RFID tags 4.1. The Power Paper battery 4.2. The Infinite Power battery is very small 4.3. Infinite Power batteries ready for use 4.4. Cymbet lithium thin film flexible battery 4.5. Relative performance claimed by Cymbet for its flexible batteries 4.6. Manganese dioxide-zinc thin film battery from Thin Battery Technologies. 4.7. Konarka photovoltaic flexible film 4.8. Smart label road map 4.9. Semi-passive RFID label from KSW Microtec 4.10. Infinite Power Solution flexible lithium battery as part of a semi-passive tag. 5.1. Layers of logistic units. Those more likely to employ active RFID are at the top and those least likely are at the bottom. The earliest adopters of any form of RFID are at the top and therefore it is these that first had standards. 5.2. Verichip acquisition X-Mark Systems "Hugs and Kisses" active RFID on mother and baby prevent mismatching in hospitals. Breast feeding of the wrong child just once can pass on HIV/AIDS. 5.3. Identec Solutions semi-active RFID personnel tag. It has three meters range and is dormant when out of range. Safety is a major benefit. 5.4. Identec Solutions secure access configuration 5.5. Verichip (X-Mark Systems) wander prevention system for disoriented elderly in care homes and hospitals 5.6. Some applications for NFC, usually in the form of second generation (active RFID reader) cellphones 5.7. Vending and ticket machine payment 5.8. Smart posters 5.9. Music downloads 5.10. Frequent payments for less than ŁUK7 ($12.5) in a city such as London UK 6.1. AeroScout WiFi armbands 7.1. The future lower tag price - larger yearly numbers and the new tag technologies that will make it possible 7.2. Market opportunity for disposable electronic displays, including those on RFID Smart Active Labels, as projected by Dow Chemical subsidiary Commotion Printed Display Solutions. 7.3. Malaysian project for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks etc based on its ultra small MM chip 7.4. What is USN in Korea? 7.5. RFID/ USN development in Korea 2004-2007 as presented at the IDTechEx conference Smart Labels Asia in Tokyo November 2004 7.6. Korean program towards ubiquitous sensor enabled RFID 2004 to 2010 as presented at the IDTechEx conference Smart Labels Asia in Tokyo November 2004 7.7. Present and next generation smart container market 7.8. 2012 Smart Container Market Segmented by Equipment Sales, Service & Communication Fees in millions of dollars. | |
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